wikijournalism http://wikijournalism.pbwiki.com/ A research paper on the use of wikis in journalism, to be presented at the Future of Journalism conference in Cardiff, UK, Sept 2007. en http://wikijournalism.pbwiki.com/feedlogo.gif PBwiki http://pbwiki.com/ PBwiki 1.3.8 support@pbwiki.com SideBar http://wikijournalism.pbwiki.com/SideBar email.hidden@example.com (andrea) andrea edited SideBar Bildekor
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]]> Wed, 01 Oct 2008 02:11:19 +0000 mod Wiki journalism in action http://wikijournalism.pbwiki.com/Wiki+journalism+in+action email.hidden@example.com (paul bradshaw) paul bradshaw edited Wiki journalism in action The Online Journalism Review launched a collection of wikis in January 2007 at http://www.ojr.org/ojr/wiki/with mixed results. Editor Robert Niles feels this is perhaps due to the non-standard "Wikipedia"-style software or journalists' lack of experience with the wikiformat (Email correspondence, 2007). He has experimented with the format more successfullyat specialist online publications ThemeParkInsider.com and Violinist.com.
Internal wikis
2006). And Sean Blanda outlines a number of ideas for how wikis could be used internally on his blog about college media. All of these stay closerto the encyclopedia-style, Wikipedia model of wikis, with added document-sharing, intranet-type functions. Access tends to be limited even within the news organisation.
Wiki journa]]> Fri, 28 Mar 2008 10:51:07 +0000 mod SideBar http://wikijournalism.pbwiki.com/SideBar email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited SideBar FrontPage
Wikis: a brief history
Wiki journalism case studies
Wiki journalism and participatory journalism
Literature review
A taxonomy of wiki journalism
Strengths
Weaknesses
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Reference List
]]> Thu, 23 Aug 2007 20:00:47 +0000 mod Conclusions http://wikijournalism.pbwiki.com/Conclusions email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited Conclusions Community
This community, and the management of community, are crucial to the shape that wiki journalism takes. As Boczkowski (2004) points out: "at least two transformations appear to distinguish the production of new-media news from the typical case of print and broadcast media: The news seems to be shaped by greater and more varied groups of actors, and this places a premium on the practices that coordinate productive activities across these groups."
Clay Shirky,Furthermore, creating a community is difficult and, once created, that community may not act in his essay Broadcast Institutions, Community Values (2002), talks extensively about ways the difficulties that this]]> Thu, 23 Aug 2007 19:48:26 +0000 mod Disadvantages http://wikijournalism.pbwiki.com/Disadvantages email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited Disadvantages Weaknesses of wiki journalism
Shane RichmondRichmond identifies two obstacles that could slow down the adoption of wikis: inaccuracy and vandalism: "vandalism remains the biggest obstacle I can see to mainstream media's adoption of wikis, particularly vandalism, "Particularly in the UK, where one libellous remark could lead to the publisher of the wiki being sued, rather than the author of the libel. Meanwhile, the question of authority is the biggest obstacle to acceptance by a mainstream audience" (2007a).
Writing in 2004 Lih also identified authority as an issue for Wikipedia: "While Wikipedia has recorded impressive accomplishments in three years, its articles have a mixed degree of quality because they are, by design, always in flux, and always editabl]]> Thu, 23 Aug 2007 19:41:56 +0000 mod Advantages http://wikijournalism.pbwiki.com/Advantages email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited Advantages Wikis offer a way for news websites to increase their reach, while also increasing the time that users spend on their website (Francisco, 2006), a key factor in attracting advertisers: user generated content has proved hugely successful in attracting readers, accounting for 60% of pageviews on some websites (Liu, email correspondence, 2007). When successful,a wiki can engender community (Gillmor, 2004; Bowman and Willis, 2003). And auseful side-effect of community for a news organisation is reader loyalty.
Ken Liu puts it in more commercial terms: "It’s perhaps more about highly leveraged content generator and traffic booster, of features content that arguably is more interesting than news. For example, wikis on Man U and gardening and cricket will draw more interest than more news." (Email correspondence, 2007).
as
"social software – social software, acting to foster communication and collaboration with other users]]> Thu, 23 Aug 2007 19:37:51 +0000 mod A taxonomy of wiki journalism http://wikijournalism.pbwiki.com/A+taxonomy+of+wiki+journalism email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited A taxonomy of wiki journalism Whether the material could have been produced without using wiki technology
Whether the timescale is finite (‘frozen’ for print publication), or infinite (ongoing)
‘final’ publication publication (in contrast to those which are edited solely by users)
Based on variations in the above, we can identify five broad types of wiki journalism:
‘Second draft’ wikis: a ‘second stage’ piece of journalism, during which readers can edit an article produced in-house (Wired article, Esquire, LA Times wikitorial)
]]> Thu, 23 Aug 2007 19:31:42 +0000 mod A taxonomy of wiki journalism http://wikijournalism.pbwiki.com/A+taxonomy+of+wiki+journalism email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited A taxonomy of wiki journalism Whether the material could have been produced without using wiki technology
Whether the timescale is finite (‘frozen’ for print publication), or infinite (ongoing)
is professionally edited further for ‘final’ publication
Based on variations in the above, we can identify five broad types of wiki journalism:
‘Second draft’ wikis: a ‘second stage’ piece of journalism, during which readers can edit an article produced in-house (Wired article, Esquire, LA Times wikitorial)
]]> Thu, 23 Aug 2007 16:51:00 +0000 mod Literature review http://wikijournalism.pbwiki.com/Literature+review email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited Literature review WikiNews here wouldbe of the collaborative type (4), while the San Diego Tribune's wiki is of the participatory type (3), and the LA Times' wikitorial was of the mainstream audience partipation class (1).
Bowman and Willis define participatory journalism as "The act of a citizen, or group of citizens, playing an active role in the process of collecting, reporting, analyzing and disseminating news and information. The intent of this participation is to provide independent, reliable, accurate, wide-ranging and relevant information that a democracy requires." (2003, p10). They identify four types of news site: Open Communal; Open Exclusive; Closed; and Partially Closed. In this taxonomy, Wikinews would be classified as Open Communal (all publishing activity is carried out by the community); the wikitorial would be Open Exclusive (readers are only allowed to comment on published material); internal wikis such as Dewey Answers would be Closed (only privileged editors can access and participate).
 Thu, 23 Aug 2007 16:50:45 +0000 mod SideBar http://wikijournalism.pbwiki.com/SideBar email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited SideBar FrontPage
Wikis: a brief history
journalism case studies and participatory journalism
Literature review
A taxonomy of wiki journalism
]]> Thu, 23 Aug 2007 16:45:45 +0000 mod Wiki journalism in action http://wikijournalism.pbwiki.com/Wiki+journalism+in+action email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited Wiki journalism in action Wiki journalism case studies
Wikinews and Wikipedia
in its broadest formshas one form or anotherhas been hosted on wikis for almost as long as the technology has existed, while existed: the lists of wikis at Wikia and Wikipedia include many that would be considered examples of journalism, such as ShopWiki, for product reviews (Levine, 2006), or WikiTravel, "a worldwide travel guide written entirely by contributors who either live in the place]]> Thu, 23 Aug 2007 16:44:34 +0000 mod Literature review http://wikijournalism.pbwiki.com/Literature+review email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited Literature review "Works to combine news about problems with news about a range of potential solutions to those problems, but it does not seek to encourage any particular action. Through carefully curated websites, resource journalism tries to offer a relevant selection of deeper information resources, a range of clearly labeled, diverse opinions, and interactive access points for citizens who may want to get involved."
Francisco (2006) identifies wikis as a ‘next step’ in participatory journalism: "Blogs helped individuals publish and express themselves. Social networks allowed those disparate bloggers to be found and connected. Wikis are the platforms to help those who found one another be able to collaborate and build together."
Lih notes the importance at Wikipedia of the neutral point of view (NPOV) as the central editorial principle, which requires contributors to represent fairly and without bias all significant views included. "Some of the decisions are strikingly similar to thos]]> Thu, 23 Aug 2007 16:39:45 +0000 mod Wikis: a brief history http://wikijournalism.pbwiki.com/Wikis%3A+a+brief+history email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited Wikis: a brief history Wikis: a brief history
and documentation (Wikipedia). documentation.
From 2001 onwards Wikipedia played a significant part in popularising the technology, and there are currently hundreds of wikis covering topics ranging from geology and physics to food and travel. The growth of wikis is also facilitated by a range of free wiki hosting services (known as wiki farms) as well as open source wiki software. Setting up a wiki is now as easy as setting up a blog.
A wiki can contain one or more pages, and users can add pages if they feel it is necessary. In addition to the current version of a wiki page wikis can include a number of other important features, including:
]]> Thu, 23 Aug 2007 16:35:29 +0000 mod FrontPage http://wikijournalism.pbwiki.com/FrontPage email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited FrontPage Wiki-Journalism:Wiki journalism: are wikis the new blogs?
Paul Bradshaw, Department of Media, UCE Birmingham, UK, and Online Journalism Blog. With contributors: Anonymous, Dennis Foy, Ken Liu, Mindy McAdams, [YOUR NAME HERE]
This is a wiki on the subject of wiki journalism, which will be edited into a paper to be presented at the Future of Newspapers conference in Cardiff, UK, but which will remain live and continue to be editable afterwards. Please contribute what you can - the password to contribute is ‘wikiwiki’. All (non-anonymous) contributions will be acknowledged, and of course you’ll have that warm glow inside as well.
I’ve also created a Wikipedia entry for Wiki Journalism (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_journalism) which is a much chopped-down, dryer, more factual version appropriate to an encyclopedia.
Abstract
providers. Exploring Critically exploring case studies such as Wikinews and the LA Times 'wikitor]]> Thu, 23 Aug 2007 16:33:31 +0000 mod Reference List http://wikijournalism.pbwiki.com/Reference+List email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited Reference List Anonymous. India and CNET go high-tech. Tech Confidential, June 27, 2005 http://techconfidential.thedealblogs.com/2005/06/india_and_cnet_go_hightech.phpaccessed August 2 2007
Anonymous. Seigenthaler and Wikipedia: A Case Study on the Veracity of the "Wiki" concept (Wiki experiments). Journalism.org, October 1 2005, http://www.journalism.org/node/1676 accessed July 2 2007
Anonymous. Hurricane Katrina. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina accessed July 2 2007
Anonymous. Wiki. Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki accessed July 2 2007
Baumgart, Jessica. Newsroom Wikis: Wiki Applications in the Newsroom. Special Libraries Association 2006 Annual Conference. 12 June 2006. http://www.ibiblio.org/slanews/conferences/sla2006/presentations/wikis/wikiintro.htm accessed August 2 2007
Boczkowski, Pablo (2004) Digitizing the News: Innovation in Online Newspapers, MIT Press
Bowman, Shayne and Willis,Chris. We Media, The Media Center at the American Press In]]> Wed, 15 Aug 2007 15:14:55 +0000 mod Acknowledgements http://wikijournalism.pbwiki.com/Acknowledgements email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw added Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements


 


The author would like to thank Dennis Foy, Chris Jennewein, Ken Liu, Mindy McAdams, and Robert Niles for their contributions to the wiki of this paper and via email correspondence.


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So far the most highly publicised experiments with the form (the ‘Wikitorial’; Wired’s wiki article; the Esquire Wikipedia article) have been of the ‘Second draft’ variety, relinquishing the least amount of control over content, and incorporating wiki technology into pre-existing work processes: the subject of the article is still chosen by editors, the first draft is written by a journalist, and only then does the wiki community take control, taking a role as a second journalist/editor in the process.
an article (or, more precisely, subject) article/topic/event as it develops over a long period of time, and removes the opportunity to build an online community.
In terms of the Wood test of user participation - "would the news on a Website lookfundamentally different if users did not participate in its information gathering processes?"(Bruns, 2005) the answer in these casesis "No."
In contra]]> Wed, 15 Aug 2007 15:07:11 +0000 mod Disadvantages http://wikijournalism.pbwiki.com/Disadvantages email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited Disadvantages DisadvantagesWeaknesses of wiki journalism
Shane Richmond (2007a) identifies two obstacles that could slow down the adoption of wikis: inaccuracy and vandalism: "vandalism remains the biggest obstacle I can see to mainstream media's adoption of wikis, particularly in the UK, where one libellous remark could lead to the publisher of the wiki being sued, rather than the author of the libel. Meanwhile, the question of authority is the biggest obstacle to acceptance by a mainstream audience." audience" (2007a).
Writing in 2004 Lih (2004b) also identified authority as an issue for Wikipedia: "While Wikipedia has recorded impressive accomplishments in three years, its articles have a mixed degree of quality because they are, by design, always in flux, and always editable. That reason alone makes people wary of its content."
Vandalism is]]> Wed, 15 Aug 2007 14:57:57 +0000 mod Advantages http://wikijournalism.pbwiki.com/Advantages email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited Advantages AdvantagesStrengths of wiki journalism
Wikis allow news operations to effectively cover issues on which there is a range of information so broad that it would be difficult, if not impossible, to summarise effectively in one article, or by one journalist,alone. Examples might include local transport problems, experiences of a large event such as a music festival or protest march, guides to local restaurants or shops, or advice.
Jay Rosen, talking about his crowdsourcing citizen journalism experiment Assignment Zero (2006), explains it as follows:
"A professional newsroom can't easily do this kind of reporting; it's a closed system. Because only the employees operate in it, there can be reliable controls. That's the system's strength. The weakness is the organization knows only what its own people know. Which wasn't much of a weakness until the Internet made it possible for the people formerly known as the audience to realize their information]]> Wed, 15 Aug 2007 14:56:04 +0000 mod A taxonomy of wiki journalism http://wikijournalism.pbwiki.com/A+taxonomy+of+wiki+journalism email.hidden@example.com (Paul Bradshaw) Paul Bradshaw edited A taxonomy of wiki journalism Whether the timescale is finite (‘frozen’ for print publication), or infinite (ongoing)
Whether the wiki draft is edited further for ‘final’ publication
identify six five broad types of wiki journalism:
‘Second draft’ wikis: a ‘second stage’ piece of journalism, during which readers can edit an article produced in-house (Wired article, Esquire, LA Times wikitorial)
Cost-cutting wikis: a replacement for material that would have otherwise been produced in-house, but whose subject matter is still decided in-house
Crowdsourcing wiki: a means of covering material which could not have been produced in-house (probably for logistical reasons), but which becomes possible through wiki technology (San Diego Tribune's AmpliPedia; Wired How To Wiki)
Supplementary wiki: a supplement to a piece of original journalism, an ‘add-on’: "A tab to a story that says: Create a wiki for related stories" (Francisco, 2006) (CNET's India Tech Wiki; parts o]]> Wed, 15 Aug 2007 14:52:34 +0000 mod